Treatment-induced neuropathy refers to nerve damage or dysfunction that occurs as a result of certain medical treatments or medications. Several treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, certain medications, and surgery, can cause nerve damage as a side effect. Treatment-induced neuropathy can manifest in various ways, depending on the type of treatment, dosage, duration, and individual factors.

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Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy (CIPN): Chemotherapy drugs, particularly those used to treat cancers such as platinum-based drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin), taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel), vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine), and others, can damage peripheral nerves, leading to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Symptoms may include:

• Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy)

• Burning or shooting pain

• Sensitivity to cold or touch

• Muscle weakness or difficulty with fine motor skills

• Balance problems and difficulty walking

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Radiation-Induced Neuropathy: Radiation therapy, used to treat various cancers, can cause nerve damage if the radiation beams pass through or near nerves. Symptoms may include:

• Numbness, tingling, or pain in the area treated with radiation

• Weakness or paralysis in the affected area

• Changes in sensation or muscle function

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Medication-Induced Neuropathy: Certain medications can cause nerve damage as a side effect. Examples include:

• Antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), metronidazole, and others can cause peripheral neuropathy.

• Anticonvulsants: Medications used to treat seizures (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine) may cause peripheral neuropathy.

• Antiretroviral drugs: Some medications used to treat HIV/AIDS can cause peripheral neuropathy.

• Others: Statins, chemotherapy drugs, immunosuppressants, and certain pain medications may also cause neuropathy.

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Surgery-Induced Neuropathy: Surgical procedures, particularly those involving nerves, can result in nerve damage or injury. Symptoms may vary depending on the nerves affected and the extent of the damage.

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Management of treatment-induced neuropathy focuses on alleviating symptoms, preventing further nerve damage, and improving quality of life. Treatment options may include:

• Pain management medications (e.g., antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids)

• Physical therapy and exercise

• Occupational therapy

• Topical treatments (e.g., lidocaine patches, capsaicin cream)

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

• Acupuncture

• Lifestyle modifications (e.g., avoiding activities that worsen symptoms, maintaining proper nutrition, managing stress)